Technical Reports

Technical Reports - 2006

ifi-2006.01
Title:: Introducing CPU Time as a Scarce Resource in P2P Systems
Authors:: Thomas Bocek, David Hausheer, Reinhard Riedl, Burkhard Stiller
Abstract:: Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are flexible, robust, and self-organizing resource sharing infrastructures which are typically designed in a fully decentralized manner. However, a key problem of such systems are freeriders, i.e. peers overusing a resource. One approach to solve this problem is by introducing a central element taking care of resource accounting. Another approach is the use of a trust management system where resource usage information is collected and evaluated by peers. Finally, the last approach covers resource trading schemes which limit resource usage.
This paper presents a fully decentralized scheme against freeriding in P2P systems, which does not require a priori information about a peer. The approach developed is based on a scarce resource trading scheme (SRTCPU) which utilizes CPU time as a form of payment. Thus, providing incentives to provide CPU time in return of consuming a scarce resource. A distributed Domain Name System (DNS) has been implemented as an example application that uses the new trading scheme SRTCPU.
Keywords:: Peer-to-Peer Systems, Free Riding, Scarce Resources, Decentralized Resource Trading, Distributed Domain Name System
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.01.bib

ifi-2006.02
Title:: Internet Economics II (Report as compressed pdf, 5.7MB)
Authors:: Burkhard Stiller, Thomas Bocek, Cristian Morariu, Peter Racz, Martin Waldburger (Eds.)
Abstract:: This new edition of the seminar entitled "Internet Economics II" discusses a number of selected topics, addressing investigations of the use and application of communications technology under economic constraints and technical optimization measures. The technical report has been prepared during the winter term WS 2005/2006 as the result of the Internet Economics seminar. The seminar deals with the use of Internet technology and additional ways to support and do business. Beside technical details of service provisioning in the Internet, in communication and mobile networks, the seminar discusses and focuses on financial and economical aspects, including upcoming business models, charging, financial clearing processes, and business relations in a multi-provider environment.
Keywords:: Internet Economics, Business Models, Software Patents, Security, Charging, Peering Settlements, Roaming, Open Source Software, AAA for Multicast Services, Ad-hoc Networks, Grid Services, Peer-to-Peer Networks
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.02.bib

ifi-2006.03
Title:: Modellierung in Lehre und Weiterbildung [Modeling in teaching and further education (in German)]
Authors:: Jörg Desel, Martin Glinz
Abstract:: Dieser Technische Bericht ist der Tagungsband des Workshops "Modellierung in Lehre und Weiterbildung", welcher am 23. März 2006 im Rahmen der Modellierung 2006 in Innsbruck stattgefunden hat.
Keywords:: Modellierung, Lehre, Weiterbildung
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.03.bib

ifi-2006.04
Title:: Prolog-based query interface to syntactic dependencies extracted from biomedical literature
Authors:: Kaarel Kaljurand, Fabio Rinaldi, Gerold Schneider
Abstract:: We describe a Natural Language Processing pipeline (NLPPL) which includes a syntactic dependency parser (Pro3Gres) as its main component. In addition, we describe a simple Prolog-based query language, which provides a user-friendly interface to the pipeline output.
Our work is focused on parsing texts from the biomedical domain. The query interface is designed to allow further experiments with the resulting syntactic data by both the linguists and the biomedical domain specialists. The final goal of our work is to explore the language used in the biomedical domain in attempt to extract semantic dependencies (e.g. biological pathway descriptions) from the biomedical literature.
Keywords:: Text Mining, Parsing, Prolog, Biomedical Literature
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.04.bib

ifi-2006.05
Title:: Grids in a Mobile World: Akogrimo’s Network and Business Views
Authors:: Martin Waldburger, Cristian Morariu, Peter Racz, Jürgen Jähnert, Stefan Wesner, Burkhard Stiller
Abstract:: The use of wireless networking technologies has emerged over recent years in many application domains. The area of grids determines a potentially huge application domain, since the typical centralized computing centers require access from anywhere, e.g., from field engineers who are situated in a wireless network domain. Thus, the integration of suitable business views on mobile grids, of grid views on available technologies, and network views in a fully IP-based network domain determines the key challenge. The Akogrimo project’s architecture developed, is outlined and discussed in this paper and provides the major details required to offer a fully integrated and interoperable solution for those three views of concern.
Keywords:: Mobile Grid, Accounting, Charging, IP-based Grid Services, Multi-domain, Dynamic Virtual Organization
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.05.bib

ifi-2006.06
Title:: An Accounting and Charging Architecture for Mobile Grids
Authors:: Cristian Morariu, Martin Waldburger, Burkhard Stiller
Abstract:: The adoption of the Internet Protocol (IP) by a number of non-IP network operators, such as telecom or cable TV operators, opens the path towards new business models. IP will allow operators to provide a unified wired as well as wireless access to a wide range of services to their users. Additionally, using the same communication protocols and standard interfaces, enables different providers to coordinate any type of resources in Virtual Organizations (VO) and supports the composition of services aggregated across multiple domains. On one hand, such an open environment requires new business models to be adopted by the involved parties. On the other hand, Grid middleware infrastructure supporting integrated accounting, charging, pricing, and billing across multiple domains has to be in place in order to facilitate service provisioning in multiple VOs. Based on the relevant set of requirements dereived here, the respective A4C Architecture (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, Auditing, Charging) has been developed and was evaluated for mobile Grids providing pervasive access to knowledge.
Keywords:: Mobile Grid, Accounting, Charging, A4C, Business Grid, IP-based Grid Services, Virtual Organization
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.06.bib

ifi-2006.07
Title:: Extended Discourse Representation Structures in Attempto Controlled English
Authors:: Norbert E. Fuchs, Stefan Hoefler, Kaarel Kaljurand, Tobias Kuhn, Gerold Schneider, Uta Schwertel
Abstract:: This technical report describes the extended discourse representation structures (DRS) derived from texts written in version 4 of Attempto Controlled English (ACE 4).
The need to extend the standard DRS representation arose from the two requirements to adequately represent plural nouns introduced into ACE 4, and to perform logical deductions on ACE texts.
The discourse representation structure itself uses a reified, or ‘flat’ notation, meaning that its atomic conditions are built from a small number of predefined predicates that take constants standing for words of the ACE text as their arguments. Furthermore, each logical atom gets an index relating it to the sentence of the ACE text from which it was derived.
Keywords:: Controlled natural language, Knowledge Representation (KR), Discourse Representation Theory (DRS, DRT), Attempto Controlled English (ACE), plurality in natural language
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.07.bib

ifi-2006.08
Title:: A Novel Algorithm for Line Routing in Hierarchical Diagrams
Authors:: Tobias Reinhard, Christian Seybold, Silvio Meier, Martin Glinz, Nancy Merlo-Schett
Abstract:: Hierarchical diagrams are well-suited for visualizing the structure and decomposition of complex systems. With the advent of UML 2.0, in particular the new composite structure diagram, hierarchical models have entered the modeling mainstream.
However, the current tools poorly support hierarchical modeling and visualization. Simple explosive zooming is the most common means for navigating through hierarchies; some tools even visualize the complete hierarchy in a single large diagram. The line routing algorithms used by the current tools are poorly suited to this task: for example, they produce lines that run across nodes or overlap with other lines.
In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for line routing in hierarchical models which, together with our previous work on node positioning, yields visualizations of hierarchical models that can easily be browsed and edited. In particular, our algorithm (i) produces an esthetically appealing layout, (ii) routes in real-time, and (iii) preserves the secondary notation of the diagrams as far as possible.
Keywords:: Line Routing, Hierarchically Decomposed Models, ADORA, Secondary Notation, Human Computer Interface
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.08.bib

ifi-2006.09
Title:: Communication Systems I
Authors:: Burkhard Stiller, Thomas Bocek, David Hausheer, Cristian Morariu, Peter Racz, Gregor Schaffrath, Martin Waldburger (Eds.)
Abstract:: This new and first edition of the seminar entitled "Communication Systems I" discusses a number of selected topics in the area of computer networks and communication systems. The technical report has been prepared during the summer term SS 2006 as the result of the Communication Systems seminar. The report discusses driving topics in communications technology, including investigations on wired and wireless network technologies, various network protocols, network management, Quality-of-Service (QoS) provisioning, mobility, security aspects, peer-to-peer systems, and multimedia communications. The understanding and clear identification of problems in technical and organizational terms have been prepared and challenges as well as weaknesses of existing approaches have been addressed. All talks in this seminar provide a systematic approach to judge dedicated pieces of systems or proposals and their suitability.
Keywords:: Communication systems, wireless technologies, Bluetooth, IrDA, WLAN, RFID, Metro Ethernet, NSIS, VoIP, SIP, IAX2, H.323, IPv6, QoS, Trusted Computing, Autonomic Computing, Instant Messaging, IMS, Peer-to-Peer Systems
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.09.bib

ifi-2006.10
Title:: Discourse Representation Structures for ACE 5
Authors:: Norbert E. Fuchs, Stefan Hoefler, Kaarel Kaljurand, Tobias Kuhn, Gerold Schneider, Uta Schwertel
Abstract:: This technical report describes the discourse representation structures (DRS) derived from texts written in version 5 of Attempto Controlled English (ACE 5). Among other things, ACE 5 supports modal statements, negation as failure, and sentence subordination. These features require an extended form of discourse representation structures. The discourse representation structure itself uses a reified, or `flat' notation, meaning that its atomic conditions are built from a small number of predefined predicates that take constants standing for words of the ACE text as their arguments. Furthermore, each logical atom gets an index relating it to the sentence of the ACE text from which it was derived.
Keywords:: Attempto Controlled English (ACE), Controlled Natural Language, Knowledge Representation (KR), Discourse Representation Theory (DRS, DRT), Plurality, Modality, Negation as Failure, Macros
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.10.bib

ifi-2006.11
Title:: An Accounting Model for Dynamic Virtual Organizations
Authors:: Matthias Göhner, Martin Waldburger, Fabian Gubler, Gabi Dreo Rodosek, Burkhard Stiller
Abstract:: The provisioning of remote and composed services in support of various application areas has dramatically increased over recent times. Thus, the concept of Grids has evolved, in the sense of a common platform for electronic service provisioning in multi-domain environments. While, traditionally, Grids have seen a quite static existence, many new service compositions have to take place on-demand and for certain periods of time only. To tackle those issues the concept of Virtual Organizations (VO) delivers a highly suitable representation of such dynamic Grids. However, one important open problem at this stage is the lack of applicable, distributed, and efficient accounting schemes for commercial resource and service consumptions. Even for simple management purposes, e.g., sampling or archiving, this functionality is essential.
Therefore, a comprehensive model for Grid accounting has been developed and suitable accountable units have been defined, in which an underlying activity- and resource-based accounting model covers economic cost theory. Furthermore, this work is based on a service model proposed for service provisioning in dynamic VOs, overcoming the typically static nature of traditional Grids.
Keywords:: Accounting, Grid, Dynamic Virtual Organization, ABC, Activity Based Costing, Resource, Accountable Unit
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.11.bib

ifi-2006.12
Title:: Conceptual MDVO Applicability to Aquaculture Food Tracing
Authors:: Martin Waldburger
Abstract:: As grid systems are organizationally best represented by the virtual organization concept, mobile grids are reflected by mobile dynamic virtual organizations (MDVO). Mobile grids are assumed to leverage a next-generation business grid infrastructure targeting at service provisioning for mobile and nomadic users. Accordingly, commercial prospects of potential MDVO application fields need to be investigated. This report introduces relevant mobile grid characteristics and gives insights into Norwegian aquaculture as a potential market for commercial mobile grid services. Based on the determined set of key requirements, an MDVO applicability assessment is conducted for Norway's aquaculture food tracing domain.
Keywords:: Mobile Dynamic Virtual Organization, Mobile Grid, Fish Farming, Aquaculture, Food Tracing, Key Success Factors
BibTeX Entry:: ifi-2006.12.bib

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